Pointing system, pointing device, and pointing control method

ABSTRACT

[Object] To provide a pointing system capable of presenting an intuitive operational feeling to a user. 
     [Solving Means] A pointing device includes a casing, a tactile sense presentation section, and a sensor section. The sensor section detects an operation for the casing and outputs an operation signal for controlling a movement of a pointer on a screen. The control apparatus includes an area setting section and a signal generation section. The area setting section sets a first area that belongs to an inside of a display area of an object on the screen, a second area that belongs to an outside of the display area of the object, and a third area that belongs to a boundary portion between the first area and the second area. The signal generation section calculates a position of the pointer based on the operation signal to generate, when the pointer is located in the first area, a control signal by which the tactile sense presentation section is driven in a first drive mode and generates, when the pointer is located in the third area, a control signal by which the tactile sense presentation section is driven in a second drive mode.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present technology relates to a pointing system, a pointing device,and a pointing control method for moving a pointer displayed on ascreen.

BACKGROUND ART

A mouse is widely used as an input apparatus for operating a GUI(Graphical User Interface) displayed two-dimensionally on a display. Inrecent years, various input apparatuses of a spatial operation type havebeen proposed without being limited to input apparatuses of a planaroperation type that are typified by a mouse.

For example, Patent Document 1 describes a spatial operation type inputapparatus including an acceleration detection section to detect anacceleration in a first direction, an angular velocity detection sectionto detect an angular velocity about an axis of a second directionorthogonal to the first direction, and a calculation means forcalculating a velocity value of a casing in the first direction based onthe acceleration and the angular velocity. It is assumed that with this,a natural movement of a pointer displayed on a screen can be attainedfor a movement of the input apparatus, thus improving the operability.

-   Patent Document 1: WO2009/035005

SUMMARY OF INVENTION Problem to be Solved by the Invention

In recent years, the pointing system has been required for furtherimprovement in operability. For example, in a conventional pointingsystem, an operation of moving the pointer largely depends on visualrecognition of a user, and an enormous burden may be put on the user insome cases depending on an operation environment. For that reason,improvement in operability by which the user can obtain a more intuitiveoperational feeling is required.

In view of the circumstances as described above, it is an object of thepresent technology to provide a pointing system, a pointing device, anda pointing control method that are capable of presenting an intuitiveoperational feeling to a user.

Means for Solving the Problem

According to an embodiment of the present technology, there is provideda pointing system including a pointing device and a control apparatus.

The pointing device includes a casing, a tactile sense presentationsection, and a sensor section. The tactile sense presentation section isconfigured to be capable of presenting a tactile sense to the casing.The sensor section detects an operation for the casing and outputs anoperation signal for controlling a movement of a pointer on a screen.

The control apparatus includes an area setting section and a signalgeneration section.

The area setting section sets a first area that belongs to an inside ofa display area of an object on the screen, a second area that belongs toan outside of the display area of the object, and a third area thatbelongs to a boundary portion between the first area and the secondarea.

The signal generation section calculates a position of the pointer onthe screen based on the operation signal to generate, when the pointeris located in the first area, a first control signal by which thetactile sense presentation section is driven in a first drive mode. Thesignal generation section generates, when the pointer is located in thethird area, a second control signal by which the tactile sensepresentation section is driven in a second drive mode different from thefirst drive mode.

According to the pointing system described above, since the tactilesense is fed back to the user via the casing at the time of a pointingoperation made on the object, it is possible to reduce the degree ofdependence on visual recognition of the user and provide a moreintuitive pointing operational feeling. Further, when the pointer islocated in the boundary portion between the inside and the outside ofthe display area of the object, a tactile sense that is different fromone when the pointer is located inside the display area is presented.Therefore, it is possible to induce an appropriate pointing operation tobe made on the object and achieve improvement in operational feeling.

The tactile senses presented by the tactile sense presentation sectioninclude hyperthermic stimulation, electrical stimulation, and the likein addition to mechanical stimulation including a sense of tactilepressure, a sense of vibration, and a sense of movement. The tactilesense presentation section as one embodiment is formed of a single of ora plurality of vibrating bodies that generate vibrations. Examples ofthe vibrating bodies include a voice coil motor that generates avibration in one axis direction and a vibration motor that generatesvibrations in multi-axis directions by using a centrifugal force of arotating eccentric weight.

The first drive mode and the second drive mode are appropriately setbased on strength, a period, and a rhythm of a tactile sense,combinations thereof, and the like. The first drive mode and the seconddrive mode are not particularly limited as long as the modes are in theform that allows a user to recognize a difference in tactile sensetherebetween. In the case where the tactile sense presentation sectionis formed of the vibrating bodies, a tactile sense can be changed in theform that is distinguishable by the user, such as the strength ofvibration (amplitude), a vibration period (frequency), and a vibrationdirection.

The type of pointing device is not particularly limited and may be aspatial operation type input apparatus or a planar operation type inputapparatus. Typically, the planar operation type input apparatus is amouse operated on a desk. Further, various types of input apparatusescapable of performing a pointing operation by detecting movements of thehands and fingers of a user, such as a touch panel and a touch pad, arealso applicable.

Examples of the object displayed on the screen include figures andimages, such as icons, symbolically representing contents of programsand instructions to be executed. In addition thereto, the objectincludes a two-dimensional video or a three-dimensional video displayedon the screen. In this case, the area setting section may set the firstto third areas as two-dimensional coordinates or three-dimensionalcoordinates in accordance with the displayed object.

In the case where the pointing device is a spatial operation type inputapparatus, the tactile sense presentation section may include aplurality of vibrating bodies each capable of generating a vibration inan arbitrary axis direction by being individually driven.

Thus, various tactile senses each corresponding to an operation ofmoving the casing by the user can be presented, and a function ofassisting a user's pointing operation can be provided.

For example, as an embodiment, the signal generation section generates,when determining that the pointer is approaching the object by anoperation of the casing, a third control signal by which the tactilesense presentation section is driven toward a moving direction of thecasing.

On the other hand, the signal generation section generates, whendetermining that the pointer is getting away from the object by anoperation of the casing, a fourth control signal by which the tactilesense presentation section is driven toward a direction opposite to themoving direction of the casing.

Thus, a tactile sense presentation to lead the pointer to the object canbe achieved, and the operability can be improved.

According to an embodiment of the present technology, there is provideda pointing device including a casing, a tactile sense presentationsection, a sensor section, and a signal generation section.

The tactile sense presentation section is configured to be capable ofimparting a tactile sense to the casing.

The sensor section detects a movement of the casing within a space andoutputs an operation signal for controlling a movement of a pointer on ascreen.

The signal generation section generates, when the pointer is located inan inside of a display area of an object on the screen, a first controlsignal by which the tactile sense presentation section is driven in afirst drive mode. The signal generation section generates, when thepointer is located in a predetermined area around the object, a secondcontrol signal by which the tactile sense presentation section is drivenin a second drive mode different from the first drive mode.

According to an embodiment of the present technology, there is provideda pointing control method including setting a first area that belongs toan inside of a display area of an object on a screen, a second area thatbelongs to an outside of the display area of the object, and a thirdarea that belongs to a boundary portion between the first area and thesecond area.

A position of a pointer on the screen is calculated based on anoperation signal output from a pointing device that moves the pointer onthe screen.

When the pointer is located in the first area, a tactile sense ispresented to the pointing device in a first drive mode, and when thepointer is located in the third area, a tactile sense is presented tothe pointing device in a second drive mode different from the firstdrive mode.

Effect of the Invention

As described above, according to the present technology, it is possibleto provide an intuitive pointing operational feeling.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 A block diagram showing a pointing system according to anembodiment of the present technology.

FIG. 2 A block diagram showing an internal configuration of a pointingdevice according to an embodiment of the present technology.

FIG. 3 A schematic plan view showing a configuration example of atactile sense presentation section incorporated in the pointing device.

FIG. 4 A schematic side view showing a configuration example of thetactile sense presentation section incorporated in the pointing device.

FIG. 5 A schematic diagram showing an example of an image displayed on ascreen in the pointing system.

FIG. 6 Diagrams for describing one operation example of the pointingsystem.

FIG. 7 Diagrams for describing one operation example of the pointingsystem.

FIG. 8 Diagrams for describing one operation example of the pointingsystem.

FIG. 9 A flowchart for describing one control example of the pointingsystem.

FIG. 10 A diagram for describing one operation example of the pointingsystem.

FIG. 11 A block diagram showing an internal configuration of a pointingdevice according to another embodiment of the present technology.

MODE(S) FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present technology will be describedwith reference to the drawings.

First Embodiment Pointing System

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a pointing system according to anembodiment of the present technology. A pointing system 100 of thisembodiment includes an input apparatus 1 (pointing device), a controlapparatus 2, and a display apparatus 3.

The pointing system 100 receives an operation signal in the controlapparatus 2, the operation signal being transmitted from the inputapparatus 1, and controls an image displayed on a screen 31 of thedisplay apparatus 3 in accordance with the received operation signal.The screen 31 of the display apparatus 3 has a horizontal direction inan X-axis direction, a vertical direction in a Y-axis direction, and adepth direction in a Z-axis direction of the figure.

The display apparatus 3 is a liquid crystal display or an EL(Electro-Luminescence) display, for example, but the display apparatus 3is not limited thereto. The display apparatus 3 may be an apparatus thatis formed integrally with a display and is capable of receivingtelevision broadcasting and the like. The display apparatus 3 may beconstituted of a 3D television, for example, which is capable ofdisplaying a three-dimensional video on the screen 31.

Hereinafter, the input apparatus 1 and the control apparatus 2 will bedescribed.

[Input Apparatus]

The input apparatus 1 includes a casing 10 having such a size that auser U can grasp the casing 10. The casing 10 is a substantiallycolumnar body having a height direction in a y-axis direction, and aradial direction in an x-axis direction and a z-axis direction, forexample. Some operation keys and the like are arranged on one surface ofthe casing 10.

In this embodiment, the input apparatus 1 is formed mainly as a spatialoperation type pointing device for moving a pointer P displayed on thescreen 31. When the user U moves the casing 10 within a space in thex-axis direction, the input apparatus 1 generates an operation signal bywhich the pointer P is moved in the X-axis direction, and transmits theoperation signal to the control apparatus 2. Similarly, when the user Umoves the casing 10 in the y-axis direction, the input apparatus 1generates an operation signal by which the pointer P is moved in theY-axis direction, and transmits the operation signal to the controlapparatus 2. Further, in the case where the pointer P is displayed onthe screen 31 so as to be moved on the three-dimensional video, when theuser U moves the casing 10 in the z-axis direction, the input apparatus1 generates an operation signal by which the pointer P is moved in theZ-axis direction, and transmits the operation signal to the controlapparatus 2.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an internal configuration of the inputapparatus 1. The input apparatus 1 includes the casing 10, a tactilesense presentation section 11, a movement detection section 12 (sensorsection), a key input section 13, an information display section 14, acontrol section 15, a communication section 16, and a power supplysection 17.

The tactile sense presentation section 11 includes an actuator thatpresents a tactile sense to the casing 10. Specifically, the tactilesense presentation section 11 has a function of presenting a tactilesense to the user U via the casing 10 by driving the actuator. Thetactile sense presentation section 11 is driven in a predetermined drivemode by a drive signal output from the control section 15.

FIGS. 3 and 4 are a schematic plan view and a schematic side view eachshowing a configuration example of the tactile sense presentationsection 11. The tactile sense presentation section 11 includes aplurality of vibrating bodies each capable of generating a vibration inan arbitrary axis direction by being individually driven. In thisembodiment, the tactile sense presentation section 11 includes a firstset of vibrating bodies 111 a and 111 b that are opposed to each otherin the x-axis direction, a second set of vibrating bodies 111 c and 111d that are opposed to each other in the y-axis direction, and a thirdset of vibrating bodies 111 e and 111 f that are opposed to each otherin the z-axis direction. Each of the vibrating bodies is formed of avoice coil motor, for example.

The directions of arrows shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 represent maindirections in which vibrations of the vibrating bodies 111 a to 111 fare generated. Further, the thickness of the arrows relativelyrepresents the strength of the vibrations. As the arrow becomes thicker,a stronger vibration is generated. Specifically, in this embodiment, thevibrating bodies in each set are arranged so as to be capable ofgenerating strong vibrations in directions away from each other.Vibration amplitudes and the like can be arbitrarily changed byadjusting the level of a drive current and the like.

With the configuration described above, by driving of arbitraryvibrating bodies, the casing 10 can be vibrated in various vibratingpatterns. For example, by driving of one arbitrary vibrating body,predetermined vibrations can be generated in six directions along the x,y, and z axes. Further, by driving of a plurality of arbitrary vibratingbodies to generate a composite vector in each vibration direction,predetermined vibrations can be generated in an arbitrary directionintersecting with each axis. Further, by control of a drive force and adrive timing of each vibrating body, predetermined vibrations can begenerated about an arbitrary axis.

The movement detection section 12 includes an inertial sensor thatdetects a movement of the casing 10 operated within a space. As theinertial sensor, typically, an acceleration sensor, an angular velocitysensor, and the like are exemplified. The movement detection section 12is formed to be capable of detecting the movement of the casing 10 ineach of the x-, y-, and z-axis directions, but the configuration thereofis not limited thereto. For example, the acceleration sensor may bearranged along each axis direction, or the movement detection section 12may be formed of a single angular velocity sensor or formed bycombination of a plurality of angular velocity sensors. Besides, ageomagnetic sensor, a pressure sensor, and the like may be usedtogether.

The key input section 13 includes various switches of a pressing type, asliding type, and a joystick type, which are arranged at appropriatepositions on the surface of the casing 10. The key input section 13 isnot limited to a mechanical key switch and may include a static oroptical switch or sensor. Further, in a predetermined case, an arbitraryswitch may be configured to be turned on by a signal from the controlsection 15.

The information display section 14 is formed of a display that isincorporated in the surface of the casing 10 in an appropriate size. Theinformation display section 14 displays various types of informationsuch as an operation status and the remaining battery level of thepointing system 100 or the input apparatus 1 based on an output of thecontrol section 15.

The control section 15 is formed of a computer including a ROM, a RAM,and a CPU (MPU) and supplies power to the respective sections of theinput apparatus 1 and controls an operation of the input apparatus 1.The control section 15 generates an operation signal S1 based on outputsof the movement detection section 12 and the key input section 13 andtransmits the operation signal S1 to the control apparatus 2 via thecommunication section 16. The output of the movement detection section12 includes information on the movement of the casing 10, such as amoving direction, a moving speed, and the like of the casing 10. Theoutput of the key input section 13 includes information on varioussetting operations such as an operation setting of the input apparatus 1and a display setting of the display apparatus 3, in addition to variousoperations such as a click operation and an operation using a numericalkeypad.

The control section 15 outputs a predetermined drive signal S2 to thetactile sense presentation section 11. In this embodiment, the drivesignal S2 is generated based on a control signal S3 from the controlapparatus 2, which is received via the communication section 16. Thedrive signal S2 includes vibration patterns including information on ageneration direction of a vibration, strength, a vibration period, andthe like. The control section 15 generates the drive signal S2 thatcorresponds to each of various vibration patterns in accordance with thecontents of the control signal S3.

The communication section 16 is formed of a wireless communicationmodule capable of performing bidirectional communication with acommunication section 28 of the control apparatus 2, but wiredcommunication may also be performed. A communication system is notparticularly limited and may be an inter-device communication such as“ZigBee” (registered trademark) and “Bluetooth” (registered trademark)or may be a communication via the Internet.

The power supply section 17 forms a power supply of the input apparatus1 and supplies necessary power to the respective sections within thecasing 10. The power supply section 17 is typically formed of a battery.The battery may be a primary battery or a secondary battery. Further,the power supply section 17 may be formed of a solar battery. It shouldbe noted that in the case of wired or wireless power feeding, the powersupply section 17 is not necessary.

[Control Apparatus]

As shown in FIG. 1, the control apparatus 2 includes a video RAM 23, adisplay control section 24, an MPU 25, a RAM 26, a ROM 27, and thecommunication section 28.

The communication section 28 receives the operation signal S1transmitted from the input apparatus 1. The MPU 25 analyzes theoperation signal and performs various types of arithmetic processingusing various set values and programs stored in the RAM 26 and the ROM27. As an example of the arithmetic processing, the MPU 25 calculates aposition (coordinates) of the pointer displayed on the screen 31 basedon the operation signal S1 transmitted from the input apparatus 1. Thedisplay control section 24 generates screen data to be displayed mainlyon the screen 31 of the display apparatus 3 according to the control ofthe MPU 25. The screen data includes the pointer P, an icon, video datadisplayed by execution of the icon, and the like. The video RAM 23 is awork area of the display control section 24 and temporarily stores thegenerated screen data.

The control apparatus 2 may be a device provided only for the inputapparatus 1 or a generally-used information processing apparatus such asa PC (Personal Computer). Further, the control apparatus 2 may be acomputer integrated with the display apparatus 3. A device to becontrolled by the control apparatus 2 may be an audio-visual device, aprojector, a game device, a car navigation device, or the like.

Hereinafter, the control apparatus 2 will be described in detail.

The control apparatus 2 includes an area setting section and a signalgeneration section.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an image V displayedon the screen 31. The area setting section sets a first area C1 thatbelongs to the inside of a display area of the image V (object) on thescreen 31, a second area C2 that belongs to the outside of the displayarea of the image V, and a third area C3 that belongs to a boundaryportion between the first area C1 and the second area C2. The areasetting section may be formed of the MPU 25, may be formed of thedisplay control section 24, or may be formed of both of them.

The first area C1 is set inside the display area of the image V, thatis, inside the display area occupied by the image V in the whole area ofthe screen 31. The first area C1 and the display area of the image V maynot necessarily coincide with each other, and the first area C1 onlyneeds to be set inside the display area of the image V. FIG. 5 shows anexample in which an outer edge (broken line) of the first area C1 is setinward from an outer edge (solid line) of the image V indicated by thesolid line.

The third area C3 is set to be adjacent to the outer edge of the firstarea C1, and in this embodiment, the third area C3 is formed of anannular area incorporating the outer edge of the image V. The width ofthe ring in this annular area can be appropriately set in accordancewith the shape, size, and type of the image V, the detection sensitivityof a position of the pointer P, and the like. Further, a set width ofthe third area C3 may be configured to be changeable by the operation ofthe user U.

Typically, the image V is an icon, but it may be a two-dimensional videoor a three-dimensional video other than the icon. In the case where theimage V is a three-dimensional video, at least the area C1 of the areasC1 to C3 is formed of a spatial area (spatial coordinate system)associated with the three-dimensional video.

The signal generation section calculates a position of the pointer P onthe screen 31 based on the operation signal S1, and when the pointer Pis located in the first area C1, the signal generation section generatesa first control signal (S31) by which the tactile sense presentationsection 11 is driven in a first drive mode. Further, when the pointer Pis located in the third area C3, the signal generation section generatesa second control signal (S32) by which the tactile sense presentationsection 11 is driven in a second drive mode that is different from thefirst drive mode. The signal generation section is formed of the MPU 25,for example. The MPU 25 outputs the generated control signal to thecommunication section 28, and the communication section 28 transmits thecontrol signal to the communication section 16 of the input apparatus 1.

The first drive mode and the second drive mode are appropriately setbased on strength, a period, and a rhythm of a tactile sense,combinations thereof, and the like. The first drive mode and the seconddrive mode are not particularly limited as long as the modes are in theform that allows the user to recognize a difference in tactile sensetherebetween. In this embodiment in which the tactile sense presentationsection is formed of vibrating bodies, a tactile sense can be changed inthe form that is distinguishable by the user, such as a vibration force,a vibration period, and a vibration direction.

Further, the MPU 25 serving as the signal generation section isconfigured to, when determining that the pointer P is approaching anicon (object) by the operation of the casing 10 by the user U, output athird control signal (S33) by which the tactile sense presentationsection 11 is driven in a moving direction of the casing 10. On theother hand, the MPU 25 serving as the signal generation section isconfigured to, when determining that the pointer P is getting away fromthe icon by the operation of the casing 10 by the user U, output afourth control signal (S34) by which the tactile sense presentationsection 11 is driven in a direction opposite to the moving direction ofthe casing 10. Thus, since a tactile sense presentation that can guidethe pointer P to the icon can be achieved, a function of assisting auser's pointing operation is obtained, and an operational feeling can beimproved.

Further, the MPU 25 serving as the signal generation section isconfigured to calculate a moving speed of the casing 10 and change adrive force of the tactile sense presentation section 11 in accordancewith the calculated moving speed of the pointer P. For example, thetactile sense presentation section 11 may be driven such that a strongertactile sense is presented as the moving speed of the casing 10 isfaster. Further, a driving direction of the tactile sense presentationsection 11 may be adjusted in association with a moving direction of thecasing 10. Such processing may be performed by the control section 15 ofthe input apparatus 1, in addition to the MPU 25.

Operation Example of Pointing System

Next, some operation examples of the pointing system 100 will bedescribed.

Operation Example 1

FIG. 6(A) shows a display example of the screen 31 on which a pluralityof icons V1 to V4 are arranged with intervals therebetween. In theexample shown in the figure, the icons V1 to V4 each have a rectangularshape with the same size and are displayed on the screen 31 in a layoutof two rows by two columns. Each of the icons V1 to V4 is a GUI that isselected by an operation of moving the pointer P by the user U andexecuted by an input into operation keys provided to the casing 10 ofthe input apparatus 1.

The control apparatus 2 sets the first area C1, the second area C2, andthe third area C3 in the inside and outside of each display area of theicons V1 to V4 and in a predetermined area of each boundary of the iconsV1 to V4. Thus, an area among the icons V1 to V4 adjacent to one anotheris set as the third area C3.

The movement of the pointer P1 on the screen 31 is controlled by anoperation of moving the input apparatus 1 within the space by the userU. Specifically, the movement of the casing 10 is detected by themovement detection section 12 of the input apparatus 1, and an operationsignal S1 containing information on the movement of the casing 10 isgenerated by the control section 15 of the input apparatus 1. Thecontrol apparatus 2 receives the operation signal S1 transmitted fromthe input apparatus 1 and calculates a position of the pointer P1 bypredetermined arithmetic processing based on the operation signal S1.Then, the control apparatus 2 controls display of the movement of thepointer P1 on the screen 31 in a direction and at a speed thatcorrespond to the moving direction and the moving speed of the casing10.

For example, it is assumed that in order to select the icon V3, the userU linearly moves the pointer P1 from a position indicated by a chainline shown in FIG. 6(A) toward a position on the icon V3 indicated by asolid line. When the pointer P1 enters the third area C3 set around theicon V3, the control apparatus 2 generates a control signal S3 (S32) bywhich the tactile sense presentation section 11 is driven in the seconddrive mode and transmits the control signal S3 to the input apparatus 1.Thus, the input apparatus 1 generates a drive signal S2 corresponding tothe control signal S3 (S32) and generates a tactile sense in the seconddrive mode by the tactile sense presentation section 11. Thus, the userU can recognize that the pointer P1 is approaching the icon V2.

Next, when the pointer P1 enters the first area C1 set inside thedisplay area of the icon V3, the control apparatus 2 generates a controlsignal S3 (S31) by which the tactile sense presentation section 11 isdriven in the first drive mode and transmits the control signal S3 tothe input apparatus 1. Thus, the input apparatus 1 generates a drivesignal S2 corresponding to the control signal S3 (S31) and generates atactile sense in the first drive mode (for example, a tactile sensestronger than the tactile sense in the second drive mode) by the tactilesense presentation section 11. Since the first drive mode allows thetactile sense presentation section 11 to be driven in a vibrationpattern different from that in the second drive mode, the user U canreliably recognize that the pointer P1 reaches the icon V3 andappropriately perform an operation of executing the icon V2.

As described above, according to this embodiment, since the tactilesense is fed back to the user U via the casing 10 at the time of thepointing operation made on the icon V3, it is possible to reduce thedegree of dependence on visual recognition of the user U and provide amore intuitive pointing operational feeling. Further, when the pointerP1 is located in an area around the icon V3 (third area C3), a tactilesense that is different from that when the pointer P1 is located insidethe display area (first area C1) of the icon V3 is presented. Therefore,it is possible to induce an appropriate pointing operation to be made onthe icon V3 and achieve improvement in operational feeling.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 6(B), it is assumed that the pointerP1 is linearly moved from the position on the icon V3, which isindicated by the chain line shown in the figure, toward a position onthe icon V2 indicated by a solid line. In this case, the pointer P1 goesacross the third area C3. Accordingly, when the pointer P1 is moved fromthe icon V3 to the icon V2, after a tactile sense in the second drivemode is presented again to the user U, a tactile sense in the firstdrive mode, which indicates that the pointer P1 reaches the icon V2, ispresented to the user U. Thus, the user U can recognize that the pointerP1 reliably reaches the icon V2 as a target from the initial icon V3.

As described above, according to this embodiment, even when a pluralityof icons are arrayed on the screen, such a feeling that the pointertraverses each icon can be presented to a user. Therefore, the pointercan be appropriately guided to a desired icon using a visual sense and atactile sense of the user. Further, come-and-go among icons can berecognized using only a tactile sense without relying on a visual sense.Furthermore, a tactile sense presenting pattern in the first drive modemay be varied between icons. Thus, a plurality of icons can beindividually distinguished using only a tactile sense.

Operation Example 2

FIGS. 7 and 8 are display examples of the screen showing a state when apointing operation is performed on an icon V5 with a pointer P1. FIG. 7each show a state where the pointer P1 is moved at a relatively lowspeed, and FIG. 8 each show a state where the pointer P1 is moved at arelatively high speed. Further, in each of FIGS. 7 and 8, (A) shows astate where the pointer P1 is moved toward the icon V5, and (B) shows astate where the pointer P1 reaches the icon V5.

Here, arrows in the figures each indicate a direction and strength of atactile sense presented to the user U, and a thicker line of the arrowrepresents a stronger tactile sense. Further, P0 represents a group ofafterimages of the pointer P1. In the case where the moving speed islow, the images are shown in a superimposed manner (FIG. 7), and in thecase where the moving speed is high, the images are shown in a separatemanner (FIG. 8). Furthermore, out of the images forming the group, amore softly-colored image represents an earlier image of the pointer P1.

As shown in FIGS. 7(A) and 8(A), in the case where the pointer P1 ismoved toward the icon V5, the control apparatus 2 generates a controlsignal (S33) by which a tactile sense is generated toward the movingdirection of the casing 10 and outputs the control signal to the inputapparatus 1. The input apparatus 1 receives the control signal, and thecontrol section 15 outputs a drive signal, by which a vibration isgenerated in an operating direction of the casing 10, to the tactilesense presentation section 11. In the examples shown in the figures, bydriving of the vibrating body 111 b of the tactile sense presentationsection 11 (see FIGS. 3 and 4), a tactile sense in the moving direction(−X direction) of the casing 10 is presented to the user U via thecasing 10. Thus, a tactile sense presentation to lead the pointer P1 tothe icon V5 is achieved.

Then, as shown in FIGS. 7(B) and 8(B), when the pointer P1 reaches theicon V5, the control apparatus 2 generates a control signal by which atactile sense is generated in a direction opposite to the movingdirection of the casing 10, and outputs the control signal to the inputapparatus 1. In reaction to this, the control section 15 of the inputapparatus 1 outputs a drive signal, by which a vibration is generated ina direction opposite to the operating direction of the casing 10, to thetactile sense presentation section 11. In the examples shown in thefigures, by driving of the vibrating body 111 a of the tactile sensepresentation section 11 (see FIGS. 3 and 4), a tactile sense in adirection (+X direction) opposite to the moving direction of the casing10 is presented to the user U via the casing 10. Thus, information tostimulate the stop of movement of the pointer P1 can be presented to theuser U, and an effect to induce the pointer P1 to the icon V5 can befurther enhanced.

Further, by control of the strength of a tactile sense to besynchronized with the moving speed of the pointer P1, an operationalfeeling of moving the pointer P1 can be enhanced for the user U. In theexamples of FIGS. 7 and 8, settings are made such that as the movingspeed of the pointer P1 becomes higher, a weaker sensory tentacle ispresented, and as the moving speed of the pointer P1 becomes higher, atactile sense toward a direction opposite to the moving directionpresented at the time of arrival at the icon V5 becomes larger. However,the present technology is not limited thereto as a matter of course.

Further, in the case where the pointer P1 is moved in a direction awayfrom the icon V5, a control may be made such that a tactile sense isgenerated in the casing 10 in a direction opposite to the movingdirection thereof. Thus, a tactile sense to return the pointer P1 to theposition where the icon V5 is displayed can be presented to the user U.

As described above, by presentation of a tactile sense synchronizing themoving speed of the pointer P1 to the user U, an operational feeling ofthe pointer P1 can be enhanced. Further, by presentation of a tactilesense related to relative positions of the pointer P1 and the icon V5 tothe user U, it is possible to facilitate a pointing operation andachieve a reduction of the burden of the user U.

FIG. 9 is a control flow showing a processing procedure of the controlapparatus 2 based on the operation examples described above. The flowshown in the figure is merely an example and can be appropriatelychanged in accordance with specifications and settings.

In FIG. 9, S10 is a step of determining the presence or absence of amovement of the input apparatus 1 (the presence or absence of movementof a relative position with respect to a virtual object), and S11 is astep of determining the presence or absence of icon (information). S12is a step of determining a positional relationship between the pointerand the icon, and S13 and S14 are steps of determining a movingdirection of the pointer with respect to the icon. S15 to S18 are stepsof determining a moving speed of the pointer, and S19 to S26 are stepsof executing a determination result on a tactile sense to be presented.

In S10, if the input apparatus 1 is not moved, the status is kept untila movement of the input apparatus 1 is detected. When a movement of theinput apparatus 1 is detected, the status is transferred to S11. In S11,the control apparatus 2 determines whether an icon V5 that needs atactile sense presentation exists in the vicinity of the pointer P1. Ifthere is no icon V5, the status is transferred to S10. If there is anicon V5, the status is transferred to S12. In S12, the control apparatus2 determines a positional relationship between the pointer P1 and theicon V5. In this determination, a position of the pointer P1 and thefirst area C1 corresponding to a display area of the icon V5 are eachreferred to.

In the case where the pointer P1 is located inside the display area ofthe icon V5, the status is transferred to S13, and in the case where thepointer P1 is located outside the display area of the icon V5 (forexample, in the vicinity), the status is transferred to S14. In S13 andS14, the control apparatus 2 determines a moving direction of thepointer P1 with respect to the icon V5. In the case where the pointer P1is moved to the inside of the icon V5, the status is transferred to S15and S17. In the case where the pointer P1 is moved to the outside of theicon V5, the status is transferred to S16 and S18. In S15 to S18, thecontrol apparatus 2 determines a moving speed of the pointer P1 andseparates the speed into a slower one and a faster one than apredetermined value to generate a control signal corresponding topresentation contents of a preset tactile sense (S19 to S26).

In S19 to S26, the strength of a tactile sense indicates a relativerelationship and does not determine an absolute value. Further, in thisexample, a two-stage evaluation, “slow” and “fast”, is used fordetermination of the moving speed, but the determination is not limitedthereto. A multi-stage evaluation may be set, or not a stepwiseevaluation but a continuous evaluation may be used. Further, thosedetermination results are merely examples, and a presentation directionor strength of a force can be appropriately changed depending on arequired effect, for example, what somatic sense is imparted to theuser.

Operation Example 3

FIG. 10 shows a display example of a screen for describing anotheroperation example of the pointing system 100. In FIG. 10, an image V6represents a small animal such as a dog or a cat. Though not shown inthe figure, the first area C1 is set inside a display area of the imageV6, and the third area C3 is set in the periphery of the image V6.

In this example, when moving a pointer P2 along the third area C3, thecontrol apparatus 2 generates a control signal, by which the tactilesense presentation section 11 is driven in a drive mode in which atactile sense that provides a texture of stroking hair of the animal ispresented, for example. On the other hand, when moving the pointer P2within the first area C1, the control apparatus 2 generates a controlsignal, by which the tactile sense presentation section 11 is driven ina drive mode in which a tactile sense that provides a texture of playingwith the animal is presented, for example. Thus, by stimulation of thetactile sense besides the visual sense and auditory sense of the user, amore realistic somatic sense can be provided to the user U.

Here, the image V6 may be a two-dimensional video or a three-dimensionalvideo. For example, in the case of a three-dimensional video, the firstarea C1 can be set in three-dimensional coordinates associated with thevideo. Then, the area C1 may be further divided into a plurality ofareas so that the drive mode (first drive mode) of the tactile sensepresentation section 11 may be changed to present different tactilesenses for the respective divided areas. Thus, different tactile sensescan be presented not only in a planar direction of the screen 31 butalso in a depth direction of the screen.

Second Embodiment

FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an input apparatus(pointing device) according to a second embodiment of the presenttechnology. Here, configurations different from those in the firstembodiment will be mainly described, and the same configurations asthose in the embodiment described above are denoted by the samereference symbols and description thereof will be omitted or simplified.

An input apparatus 101 according to this embodiment includes a casing10, a tactile sense presentation section 11, a movement detectionsection 12 (sensor section), a key input section 13, an informationdisplay section 14, a control section 15, a communication section 16,and a power supply section 17. The control section 15 includes a signalgeneration section 18.

When a pointer is located inside a display area (first area C1) of anicon (object) on a screen, the signal generation section 18 generates afirst control signal by which the tactile sense presentation section 11is driven in a first drive mode. On the other hand, when the pointer islocated in a predetermined area (third area C3) around the icon, thesignal generation section 18 generates a second control signal by whichthe tactile sense presentation section 11 is driven in a second drivemode that is different from the first drive mode.

Specifically, this embodiment is different from the first embodiment inthat the control signal corresponding to the drive mode of the tactilesense presentation section 11 is generated by not the control apparatus2 but the input apparatus 101. Also with such a configuration, the sameaction as that of the first embodiment can be obtained.

In this embodiment, information on a position of the pointer, the areaof the icon, and the like (for example, coordinate information) isdetermined based on the control signal transmitted from the controlapparatus 2. Alternatively, the input apparatus 101 may acquire thecoordinate information from another device other than the controlapparatus 2.

Hereinabove, the embodiments of the present technology have beendescribed, but the present technology is not limited to the embodimentsdescribed above and can be variously modified without departing from thegist of the present technology as a matter of course.

For example, in the embodiments described above, the pointing system 100is configured such that the tactile sense presentation section 11 isdriven in the drive modes in which the pointer causes tactile sensesdifferent between the first area C1 and the third area C3 to bepresented. However, also when the pointer is located in a second area C2that is set outside the display area of the icon, a drive mode in whicha peculiar tactile sense is presented may be set.

Further, in the embodiments described above, the configuration in whicha tactile sense associated with a movement of the pointer (direction,speed) is presented to the user U has been described, but in additionthereto, another tactile sense presentation mode that allows the user torecognize a stopped (stationary) state of the pointer may be set. Thus,an operational feeling including a stop and a movement of the pointercan be provided to the user.

Furthermore, in the embodiments described above, the example in which amovement of the input apparatus 1 within a space is detected with theinertial sensor has been described. Instead of or in addition to this,the movement of the input apparatus 1 may be directly determined with animage sensor and the movement of the pointer may be controlled.

Further, the tactile sense presentation section 11 is not limited to aconfiguration in which a tactile sense is imparted to the casing 10 by avibration action by the vibrating bodies. For example, variousmechanisms to partially modify the surface of the casing 10, to generatemoment inside the casing 10, to generate a voltage for imparting anelectrical stimulation to the surface of the casing 10, and the like canbe adopted.

It should be noted that the present technology can take the followingconfigurations.

(1) A pointing system, including:

a pointing device including

-   -   a casing,    -   a tactile sense presentation section capable of presenting a        tactile sense to the casing, and    -   a sensor section to detect an operation for the casing and        output an operation signal for controlling a movement of a        pointer on a screen; and

a control apparatus including

-   -   an area setting section to set a first area that belongs to an        inside of a display area of an object on the screen, a second        area that belongs to an outside of the display area of the        object, and a third area that belongs to a boundary portion        between the first area and the second area, and    -   a signal generation section to calculate a position of the        pointer on the screen based on the operation signal to generate,        when the pointer is located in the first area, a first control        signal by which the tactile sense presentation section is driven        in a first drive mode and generate, when the pointer is located        in the third area, a second control signal by which the tactile        sense presentation section is driven in a second drive mode        different from the first drive mode.        (2) The pointing system according to (1) above, in which

the pointing device is a spatial operation type input apparatus, and

the tactile sense presentation section includes a plurality of vibratingbodies each capable of generating a vibration in an arbitrary axisdirection by being individually driven.

(3) The pointing system according to (1) or (2) above, in which

the signal generation section generates, when determining that thepointer is approaching the object by an operation of the casing, a thirdcontrol signal by which the tactile sense presentation section is driventoward a moving direction of the casing.

(4) The pointing system according to any one of (1) to (3) above, inwhich

the signal generation section generates, when determining that thepointer is getting away from the object by an operation of the casing, afourth control signal by which the tactile sense presentation section isdriven toward a direction opposite to the moving direction of thecasing.

(5) The pointing system according to any one of (1) to (4) above, inwhich

the signal generation section calculates a moving speed of the casingand changes a drive force of the sensory tentacle presentation sectionin accordance with the calculated moving speed.

(6) The pointing system according to any one of (1) to (5) above, inwhich

the object is an icon.

(7) The pointing system according to any one of (1) to (6) above, inwhich

the object is a three-dimensional video, and

the first area is a three-dimensional area associated with thethree-dimensional video.

(8) The pointing system according to any one of (1) to (7) above, inwhich

the sensor section includes an inertial sensor to detect a movement ofthe casing and generate a signal associated with the movement.

(9) A pointing device, including:

a casing;

a tactile sense presentation section capable of presenting a tactilesense to the casing;

a sensor section to detect a movement of the casing within a space andoutput an operation signal for controlling a movement of a pointer on ascreen; and

a signal generation section to generate, when the pointer is located inan inside of a display area of an object on the screen, a first controlsignal by which the tactile sense presentation section is driven in afirst drive mode and generate, when the pointer is located in apredetermined area around the object, a second control signal by whichthe tactile sense presentation section is driven in a second drive modedifferent from the first drive mode.

(10) A pointing control method, including:

setting a first area that belongs to an inside of a display area of anobject on a screen, a second area that belongs to an outside of thedisplay area of the object, and a third area that belongs to a boundaryportion between the first area and the second area;

calculating a position of a pointer on the screen based on an operationsignal output from a pointing device that moves the pointer on thescreen; and

presenting, when the pointer is located in the first area, a tactilesense to the pointing device in a first drive mode and presenting, whenthe pointer is located in the third area, a tactile sense to thepointing device in a second drive mode different from the first drivemode.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS

-   1, 101 input apparatus-   2 control apparatus-   3 display apparatus-   10 casing-   11 tactile sense presentation section-   12 movement detection section-   15 control section-   18 signal generation section-   24 display control section-   25 MPU-   31 screen-   100 pointing system-   111 a to 111 f vibrating body-   C1 first area-   C2 second area-   C3 third area-   P, P1, P2 pointer-   U user-   V, V6 image-   V1 to V5 icon

The invention claimed is:
 1. A pointing system, comprising: a pointingdevice, wherein the pointing device is a spatial operation type inputapparatus, the pointing device including: a casing, a tactile sensepresentation section including a plurality of vibrating bodies, each ofwhich is configured to generate a vibration in an arbitrary axisdirection by being individually driven, wherein the tactile sensepresentation section is configured to present a tactile sense havingtactile characteristics to the casing, and a sensor section configuredto detect an operation for the casing and output an operation signal forcontrolling a movement of a pointer on a screen; and at least oneprocessor programmed to: set a first area that belongs to an inside of adisplay area of an object on the screen, a second area that belongs toan outside of the display area of the object, and a third area thatbelongs to a boundary portion between the first area and the secondarea; calculate a position of the pointer on the screen based on theoperation signal; generate, in response to determining that the pointerhas entered the first area, a first control signal by which the tactilesense presentation section is driven in a first drive mode; generate,when the pointer is located in the third area, a second control signalby which the tactile sense presentation section is driven in a seconddrive mode, wherein the tactile characteristics of a first tactile sensepresented by the tactile sense presentation section to the casing whendriven in the first drive mode are different than the tactilecharacteristics of a second tactile sense presented by the tactile sensepresentation section to the casing when driven in the second drive mode;determine that the pointer is moving toward the object by an operationof the casing; and generate, in response to determining that the pointeris moving toward the object, a third control signal by which the tactilesense presentation section is driven toward a moving direction of thecasing.
 2. The pointing system according to claim 1, wherein the atleast one processor is further programmed to generate, when determiningthat the pointer is moving away from the object by the operation of thecasing, a fourth control signal by which the tactile sense presentationsection is driven toward a direction opposite to the moving direction ofthe casing.
 3. The pointing system according to claim 1, wherein the atleast one processor is further programmed to: calculate a moving speedof the casing; and change a drive force of the tactile sensepresentation section in accordance with the calculated moving speed. 4.The pointing system according to claim 1, wherein the object is an icon.5. The pointing system according to claim 1, wherein the object is athree-dimensional video, and the first area is a three-dimensional areaassociated with the three-dimensional video.
 6. The pointing systemaccording to claim 1, wherein the sensor section includes an inertialsensor configured to detect a movement of the casing and generate asignal associated with the movement.
 7. The pointing system according toclaim 1, wherein: the at least one processor is further programmed togenerate, when the pointer is located in the second area, a fifthcontrol signal by which the tactile sense presentation section is drivenin a third drive mode.
 8. The pointing system according to claim 1,wherein when the screen displays a plurality of objects, the at leastone processor is further programmed to: set, for each object of theplurality of objects, a first area that belongs to the inside of adisplay area of each object; and generate a different control signalwhen the pointer is located in the first area of a first object of theplurality of objects than when the pointer is located in the first areaof a second object of the plurality of objects, wherein the tactilecharacteristics of the tactile sense presented by the tactile sensepresentation section to the casing, when driven in response to thedifferent control signals, are different.
 9. The pointing systemaccording to claim 1, wherein: the at least one processor is furtherprogrammed to change a width of the third area based on an operation ofthe user.
 10. The pointing system according to claim 1, wherein: thetactile characteristics of the first tactile sense and/or the secondtactile sense comprise a plurality of vibrating patterns.
 11. Thepointing system according to claim 1, wherein: the at least oneprocessor is incorporated within the casing of the pointing device. 12.A pointing device, wherein the pointing device is a spatial operationtype input apparatus, the pointing device comprising: a casing; atactile sense presentation section including a plurality of vibratingbodies each of which is configured to generate a vibration in anarbitrary axis direction by being individually driven, wherein thetactile sense presentation section is configured to present a tactilesense having tactile characteristics to the casing; a sensor sectionconfigured to detect a movement of the casing within a space and outputan operation signal for controlling a movement of a pointer on a screen;and at least one processor programmed to: generate, in response todetermining that the pointer has entered an inside of a display area ofan object on the screen, a first control signal by which the tactilesense presentation section is driven in a first drive mode; generate,when the pointer is located in a predetermined area around the object, asecond control signal by which the tactile sense presentation section isdriven in a second drive mode, wherein the tactile characteristics of afirst tactile sense presented by the tactile sense presentation sectionto the casing when driven in the first drive mode are different than thetactile characteristics of a second tactile sense presented by thetactile sense presentation section to the casing when driven in thesecond drive mode; determine that the pointer is moving toward theobject by an operation of the casing; and generate, in response todetermining that the pointer is moving toward the object, a thirdcontrol signal by which the tactile sense presentation section is driventoward a moving direction of the casing.
 13. A pointing control method,comprising: setting a first area that belongs to an inside of a displayarea of an object on a screen, a second area that belongs to an outsideof the display area of the object, and a third area that belongs to aboundary portion between the first area and the second area; calculatinga position of a pointer on the screen based on an operation signaloutput from a pointing device that moves the pointer on the screen;presenting, in response to determining that the pointer has entered thefirst area, a first tactile sense having tactile characteristics to thepointing device in a first drive mode; presenting, when the pointer islocated in the third area, a second tactile sense having tactilecharacteristics to the pointing device in a second drive mode, whereinthe tactile characteristics of the first tactile sense in the firstdrive mode are different than the tactile characteristics of the secondtactile sense in the second drive mode; determining that the pointer ismoving toward the object by an operation of the casing of the pointingdevice; and presenting, in response to determining that the pointer ismoving toward object, a third tactile sense having tactilecharacteristics toward a moving direction of the casing to the pointingdevice in a third drive mode.
 14. The pointing control method accordingto claim 13, further comprising: presenting, in response to determiningthat the pointer is moving away from the object by the operation of thecasing, a fourth tactile sense having tactile characteristics indicatinga direction opposite to the moving direction of the casing.
 15. Thepointing control method according to claim 13, further comprising:calculating a moving speed of the casing; and changing a drive force ofthe first tactile sense, the second tactile sense, or the third tactilesense in accordance with the calculated moving speed.
 16. The pointingcontrol method according to claim 13, further comprising: presenting,when the pointer is located in the second area, a fifth tactile sensehaving tactile characteristics to the pointing device in a third drivemode.
 17. The pointing control method according to claim 13, whereinwhen the screen displays a plurality of objects, the method furthercomprises: setting, for each object of the plurality of objects, a firstarea that belongs to the inside of a display area of each object; andpresenting a different tactile sense when the pointer is located in thefirst area of a first object of the plurality of objects than when thepointer is located in the first area of a second object of the pluralityof objects.
 18. The pointing control method according to claim 13,further comprising changing a width of the third area based on anoperation of the user.
 19. The pointing control method according toclaim 13, wherein the tactile characteristics of the first tactile senseand/or the second tactile sense comprise a plurality of vibratingpatterns.